What is the difference between public and private land use controls?

The distinction between public and private land use controls primarily revolves around their origin and enforcement. Public land use controls are regulations established by government entities. These can include zoning laws, building codes, and other regulatory measures that serve the public interest, aiming to ensure safety, health, and orderly development within communities. The government has the authority to enforce these controls, making them mandatory for compliance.

On the other hand, private land use controls are typically imposed by individuals or organizations, such as property owners or developers, often through mechanisms like restrictive covenants, homeowners' association rules, or conditions placed on the sale of properties. These private controls can dictate specific uses of land or property to maintain certain standards within a community, but they are enforceable only within the context of those private agreements.

This understanding clarifies the reason behind choosing the first option, as it accurately captures the key difference in who sets these regulations and the realm in which they operate. Public controls focus on collective welfare and governance, while private controls cater to specific interests of property owners and developers.